Kalah
Uhlobo lomdlalo: Two-row mancala with two end stores (United States) — single-lap counter-clockwise sowing through the mover's own store, bonus moves on store landings, opposite-pit captures on landings in own empty holes, and end-game board sweeps.
Uhlolojikelele
I-Kalah (imakethwa kabanzi nje ngokuthi Mancala eNyakatho Melika futhi Kalaha eYurophu ekhuluma isiJalimane) yaklanywa ngo-1940 nguWilliam Julius Champion Jr., owayengumfundi waseYale University.I-Champion yaqala ukuthengisa amasethi ngokuthengisa ngo-1944, yathola amalungelo obunikazi e-United States kanye nemishini ngo-1952 no-1955, futhi yasungula i-Kalah Game Company e-Holbrook, Massachusetts ngo-1958. Ngo-1959, i-Kalah yangena emlandweni wekhompyutha lapho abafundi be-MIT beyisebenzisa ku-DEC igeyimu ye-digital ye-mancala yokuqala.Namuhla, igeyimu isalokhu iyisisekelo sethiyori yegeyimu kanye nocwaningo lobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ngokucushwa okuncane sekuxazululwe ngokuphelele.
Nakuba ukupakishwa kwezentengiselwano kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nemvelaphi yase-Afrika yakudala emdlalweni, i-Kalah iwukujwayela okuqondile kwamaphakathi nekhulu leminyaka yesiko le-single-lap Dakon lomdabu e-Java, e-Indonesia.Emashumini eminyaka adlule, ikhiqize ukulingisa okuningi kwezentengiselwano nokushintshashintsha, ikakhulukazi Conference (Mieg's, 1965), Sahara (Pelikan, 1976), kanye Bantumi, okufinyelele izigidi zabasebenzisi beselula emhlabeni wonke abalayishwe kuqala kumaselula akwaNokia cishe ngo-2000.
Ibhodi
- Imigqa/Amazinga: Two
- Imigodi emugqeni: 6
- Izinqolobane: Two large end basins ("kalah"), one at each end
- Imbewu ngomgodi ekuqaleni: 4 in standard modern play (3 for novices; 5 or 6 in Champion's advanced "expert" rule)
- Umdlali ngamunye ungumnikazi wemigodi eyisithupha ohlangothini lwabo lwebhodi kanye ne-kalah engakwesokudla kwabo.
Indlela Yokudlala
- Ukudlala kuqhubeka ngokuphikisana newashi.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umdlali ucosha zonke izimbewu komunye wemigodi yakhe futhi azisakaze ngayinye ngayinye emigodini elandelayo naku-kalah yakhe, weqa isitolo sombangi ngokuphelele.
- Ukubamba: Uma imbewu yokugcina iwela ngqo ku-kalah yomsusi, umdlali uthola ithuba elingeziwe ngokushesha.
- Uma imbewu yokugcina iwela emgodini wesitha noma emgodini osuvele unabantu ohlangothini lomdlali, ithuba liphetha ngaphandle kokuthwebula.
- Ukubamba: Uma imbewu yokugcina iwela emgodini ongenalutho ohlangothini lomdlali ngokwakhe, umdlali uthwebula leyo mbewu eduze kwazo zonke izimbewu ezihlala emgodini obhekene ngqo nombangi, azidlulisele zonke ku-kalah yazo.Uma umgodi ophambene ungenayo imbewu, akukho lutho olubanjwayo.Noma yikuphi ukuthwebula kuphetha ngokushesha ithuba.
Ukuphela Komdlalo Nokuwina
- Umdlalo unqamula ngokushesha imigodi eyisithupha yomdlali oyedwa ayinalutho ngokuphelele.
- Imbewu esele elele ohlangothini lombangi ishanelwa futhi ifakwe yilowo ophikisana naye ku-kalah yabo.
- Umdlali ohlanganise inani elikhulu lezimbewu ku-kalah yakhe uyawina umdlalo.
Izinhlobonhlobo
- Umthetho we-Pie: Ivumela imbewu yokumisa ukuthi ithwetshulwe ku-kalah yomdlali ngisho noma imbobo yesitha esibhekene nayo ingenalutho.
- Umthetho we-Pie: Eminye imithetho evamile ibambezela ukuphela komdlalo kuze kube yilapho kufika ithuba langempela lomdlali futhi angakwazi ukunyakaza.
- Umthetho we-Pie: Eminye imithetho yendlu ibeka eceleni izimbewu zebhodi ezisele ngaphandle kokunikeza noma yimuphi umdlali.
- Umthetho we-Pie: Isetshenziswa ekudlaleni ku-inthanethi okuqhudelanayo ukuze kuliwe nokuhle komdlali wokuqala: ngemuva kokuthi umdlali 1 enze umnyakazo wokuvula, umdlali 2 angase akhethe ukushintsha izinhlangothi.
Amanothi
- Namuhla, amasethi e-Kalah asukela ezimakethe ezinkulu ezigoqa amabhodi okhuni nawepulasitiki kuya kumasethi obuciko aqoshwe ngesandla e-fairtrade.
- Umpetha ukukhuthaze ngentshiseko ukufaneleka komdlalo kwengqondo nokufundisa;i-Kellog Electronic Research Academy e-Chicago ihlanganise ngempumelelo izivivinyo ze-Kalah ezinhlelweni zokwelapha ezisiza izingane zinqobe i-dyscalculia.
Source: Mancala World – Kalah