Sungka
Uhlobo lomdlalo: Two-player two-row mancala with two end stores, seven holes per row, seven seeds per hole — multi-lap relay sowing; own-store finishes award bonus turns; own empty-pit landings capture the opposite hole and own counter; ends when small pits are cleared
Uhlolojikelele
I-Sungka iwumdlalo kazwelonke we-mancala wasePhilippines, ohlonishwayo kulo lonke leli qoqo leziqhingi futhi usekelwa imiphakathi ehlala kwamanye amazwe eNyakatho Melika, eYurophu naseMpumalanga Asia.Ngokomlando idlalwe kakhulu abesifazane namantombazane, igeyimu iziqhayisa ngozalo olucebile olusukela emuva ekuhwebeni kwasolwandle kwangaphambi kwekoloni.Irekhodi elibhaliwe lokuqala elisekhona livela kusichazamazwi se-Bisaya sango-1692 somphristi ongumJesuit waseSpain uFather José Sanchez, owaqopha ngaphansi kwegama elithi Kunggit, edlala ngamagobolondo e-cowrie phezu kwezingodo ezimise okwesikebhe.Ngenkathi esondelene nomndeni obanzi wase-Austronesian Congkak, i-Sungka ihlukaniswa ngamasiko asabalele e-Philippine okunyakaza okuphambene newashi (okubhalwe yi-National Historical Institute, umdlali ngamunye olawula isitolo kwesokudla sakhe) eduze kwesifunda okuhlukile kwewashi, kanye nesiko elibanzi lezimfumbe zesintu (bugtong) nokubhula.
Ibhodi
- Imigqa/Amazinga: Two
- Imigodi emugqeni: 7 small playing pits called bahay ("houses"), for a total of 14 playing pits
- Izinqolobane: Two large terminal hollows known as ulo ("head") or inay ("mother")
- Ubunikazi bezinqolobane: In counter-clockwise play, each player controls the row before them and the store to their right (or to their left in clockwise play)
- Izinto zomdlalo: 7 seeds or cowrie shells (sigay) per playing pit at the opening (98 counters total)
- Ukuhlelwa kwasekuqaleni:
[ Isitolo: Umdlali 1 ]
[ 0 ] [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] <- Umdlali 1
[ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [10 ] [11 ] [12 ] [13 ] <- Umdlali 0
[ Isitolo: Umdlali 0 ]Indlela Yokudlala
- Ukuhlwanyela kuthwala izinto zokubala ngayinye ngayinye izifaka emigodini elandelanayo ebhodini, ingene esitolo somdlali ngenkathi yeqa isitolo sombangi ngokuphelele.
- (Note on opening: While informal play often begins with a simultaneous opening race, turn-based play is standard in structured play). Uma imbewu yokugcina iwela emgodini omncane okuhlala kuwo, zonke izinto zokubala kulowo mgodi ziyaphakanyiswa futhi zisatshalaliswe ethangeni elilandelayo.
- (Note on opening: While informal play often begins with a simultaneous opening race, turn-based play is standard in structured play). Uma isibali sokugcina sihlala ngqo esitolo somdlali ():), umdlali uzuza umnyakazo webhonasi ngokushesha futhi angahlwanyela kunoma yimuphi umgodi ongangenalutho ohlangothini lwakhe.
- *(Note on opening: While informal play often begins with a simultaneous opening race, turn-based play is standard in structured play).patay): If the final seed drops into an empty pit, the move dies (patay*) futhi ithuba liyaphetha.
- (Note on opening: While informal play often begins with a simultaneous opening race, turn-based play is standard in structured play). Umdlali kufanele anyakaze uma ebambe imbewu emugqeni wabo.Uma umdlali engenazo izimbewu ngesikhathi sakhe, kufanele adlule kuze kube yilapho imbewu ihlwanyelwa emigodini yabo.
- (Note on opening: While informal play often begins with a simultaneous opening race, turn-based play is standard in structured play).
Ukubamba (Katak noma Taktak)
- Uma isibali sokugcina somnyakazo sihlala emgodini ongenalutho ohlangothini lomdlali:
- Umdlali uthwebula (subi noma taktak, okusho "ukuqeda amandla" noma "ukudonsa amanzi"): ethatha zonke izimbewu emgodini wesitha ngokuphambene ngokuqondile, kanye nekhawunta eyodwa ebambe ukuthwebula.
- Zonke izinto zokubala ezithathiwe zifakwa (subi) esitolo somdlali.
- Uma umgodi obhekene nombangi ungenayo imbewu, akukho ukuthwebula okwenzekayo futhi isibali esisodwa sihlala emgodini.
Ukuphela Komdlalo Nokuwina
- Umdlalo uphetha lapho kungekho zibali ezisele kunoma yimiphi imigodi yokudlala emincane eyishumi nane ebhodini.
- Umdlali oqoqe inombolo enkulu yezinhlamvu esitolo sakhe uwina umdlalo.
- Emdlalweni wesintu oyindilinga omningi, abadlali bagcwalisa kabusha imigodi yabo ngezinto zokubala eziyi-7 umuntu ngamunye ezitolo zabo ezinqwabelene.Imigodi engakwazi ukuphinda igcwaliswe ngokuphelele kuthiwa "ishile" (sunog) futhi ivinjelwe ukudlala emzuliswaneni olandelayo.Imizuliswano iyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho umdlali oyedwa engakwazi ukugcwalisa umgodi owodwa.
Amanothi
- Ukubhula kwabantu nezinkolelo-ze: Ngokomlando, ababoni bendabuko (Chopstick Sungka noma "One body, two heads, fourteen mouths; when it eats, it dies.") baphonsa amagobolondo e-cowrie emabhodini angu-sungkahan kumadethi okuhamba amnandi noma izinhlanhla zothando.Inkolelo-ze ePanay yayikholelwa ukuthi ukudlala endlini kwakubangela amashwa noma imililo yendlu, ngakho umentshisi wawuvame ukubanjelwa ngaphandle emagcekeni.
- Izimfumbe ezisankondlo (Chopstick Sungka): Izimfumbe ezidumile ze-Tagalog ne-Bicol zichaza isithonjana sebhodi: "One body, two heads, fourteen mouths; when it eats, it dies."
- Insiza yezemfundo neyokuqonda: Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezikoleni zamabanga aphansi e-Philippine kanye nekharikhulamu ye-ethnomathematics yamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhlanganisa kwengqondo, ukubona kusengaphambili, nokubala kwendawo.
- I-Dexterity variant: Chopstick Sungka, isivivinyo sokugijima sokuxhumana kwezimoto ezinhle ezidumile emibuthanweni yasenyuvesi lapho amagobolondo kufanele aphakanyiswe futhi ahlwanyelwe kusetshenziswa izinti zokhuni.
Source: Mancala World – Sungka