Sungka
Aina ya mchezo: Two-player two-row mancala with two end stores, seven holes per row, seven seeds per hole — multi-lap relay sowing; own-store finishes award bonus turns; own empty-pit landings capture the opposite hole and own counter; ends when small pits are cleared
Muhtasari
Sungka ni mchezo wa kitaifa wa mancala wa Ufilipino, unaothaminiwa kote katika visiwa na kuendelezwa na jumuiya za diaspora huko Amerika Kaskazini, Ulaya, na Asia ya Mashariki.Kihistoria mchezo huu uliochezwa zaidi na wanawake na wasichana, unajivunia ukoo tajiri unaoanzia kwenye biashara ya baharini kabla ya ukoloni.Rekodi ya mapema zaidi iliyosalia inaonekana katika kamusi ya Bisaya ya 1692 ya kasisi Mjesuiti wa Kihispania Padre José Sanchez, ambaye aliirekodi chini ya jina Kunggit, iliyochezwa na makombora ya ng'ombe kwenye mbao zenye umbo la mashua.Huku akishirikiana kwa karibu na familia pana ya Austronesian Congkak, Sungka inatofautishwa na mila nyingi za Ufilipino za harakati kinyume na saa (zilizorekodiwa na Taasisi ya Kitaifa ya Kihistoria, huku kila mchezaji akidhibiti duka kulia kwake) pamoja na lahaja za kikanda za saa, pamoja na utamaduni mpana wa mafumbo ya watu (bugtong) na uaguzi.
Ubao
- Safu/Ngazi: Two
- Mashimo kwa kila safu: 7 small playing pits called bahay ("houses"), for a total of 14 playing pits
- Maghala: Two large terminal hollows known as ulo ("head") or inay ("mother")
- Umiliki wa ghala: In counter-clockwise play, each player controls the row before them and the store to their right (or to their left in clockwise play)
- Vifaa: 7 seeds or cowrie shells (sigay) per playing pit at the opening (98 counters total)
- Mpangilio wa mwanzo:
[ Hifadhi: Mchezaji 1 ]
[ 0 ] [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] <- Mchezaji 1
[ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [10 ] [11 ] [12 ] [13 ] <- Mchezaji 0
[ Hifadhi: Mchezaji 0 ]Jinsi ya Kucheza
- Kupanda hubeba kaunta moja baada ya nyingine kwenye mashimo mfululizo kuzunguka ubao, ikiingia kwenye duka la mchezaji mwenyewe huku ikipita duka la mpinzani kabisa.
- (Note on opening: While informal play often begins with a simultaneous opening race, turn-based play is standard in structured play). Iwapo mbegu ya mwisho itaanguka kwenye shimo dogo lililokaliwa, vihesabio vyote kwenye shimo hilo huinuliwa na kusambazwa katika paja ifuatayo.
- (Note on opening: While informal play often begins with a simultaneous opening race, turn-based play is standard in structured play). Iwapo kaunta ya mwisho itatua moja kwa moja kwenye duka la mchezaji mwenyewe ():), mchezaji hupokea marupurupu ya mara moja na anaweza kupanda kutoka kwenye shimo lisilo tupu lililo upande wake.
- *(Note on opening: While informal play often begins with a simultaneous opening race, turn-based play is standard in structured play).patay): If the final seed drops into an empty pit, the move dies (patay*) na zamu inakamilika.
- (Note on opening: While informal play often begins with a simultaneous opening race, turn-based play is standard in structured play). Mchezaji lazima ahamishe ikiwa ameshikilia mbegu kwenye safu zao.Ikiwa mchezaji hana mbegu kwa zamu yake, lazima zipite hadi mbegu zipandwe kwenye mashimo yao.
- (Note on opening: While informal play often begins with a simultaneous opening race, turn-based play is standard in structured play).
Kuteka (Katak au Taktak)
- Ikiwa kihesabu cha mwisho cha hoja kinatua kwenye shimo tupu upande wa mchezaji mwenyewe:
- Mchezaji hutekeleza kunasa (subi au taktak, ikimaanisha "kuchosha" au "kutoa maji"): kuchukua mbegu zote kwenye shimo la mpinzani kinyume moja kwa moja, pamoja na kihesabu kimoja kilichosababisha kunasa.
- Kaunta zote zilizonaswa huwekwa (subi) kwenye duka la mchezaji.
- Ikiwa shimo la kinyume la mpinzani halina mbegu, hakuna ukamataji unaotokea na kihesabu kimoja kinasalia kwenye shimo.
Mwisho wa Mchezo na Mshindi
- Mchezo unahitimishwa wakati hakuna vihesabio vinavyosalia katika sehemu yoyote ndogo ya kuchezea kumi na nne kwenye ubao.
- Mchezaji ambaye amekusanya idadi kubwa ya mbegu kwenye duka lake atashinda mchezo.
- Katika uchezaji wa kawaida wa raundi nyingi, wachezaji hujaza tena mashimo yao kwa kaunta 7 kila moja kutoka kwa maduka yao yaliyokusanywa.Mashimo ambayo hayawezi kujazwa tena kabisa yanatangazwa "kuchomwa" (sunog) na kuzuiwa kucheza kwa raundi inayofuata.Mizunguko inaendelea hadi mchezaji mmoja hawezi kujaza shimo moja.
Maelezo
- Uganga wa kienyeji na ushirikina: Kihistoria, waonaji wa kitamaduni (Chopstick Sungka au "One body, two heads, fourteen mouths; when it eats, it dies.") waliweka makombora kwenye mbao za sungkahan kwa tarehe takatifu za kusafiri au bahati nzuri za kimapenzi.Ushirikina huko Panay ulisema kwamba kucheza ndani ya nyumba kulikuwa na bahati mbaya au moto wa nyumba, kwa hiyo mechi zilipangwa nje katika ua.
- Vitendawili vya kishairi (Chopstick Sungka): Vitendawili Vinavyoadhimishwa vya Tagalog na Bicol vinaelezea muundo wa ubao: "One body, two heads, fourteen mouths; when it eats, it dies."
- Matumizi ya elimu na utambuzi: Inatumika sana katika shule za msingi za Ufilipino na mitaala ya kimataifa ya ethnomathematics ili kukuza kujumlisha kiakili, kuona mbele, na kukokotoa anga.
- Lahaja ya ustadi: Chopstick Sungka, jaribio la riadha la uratibu wa gari-moshi maarufu katika mikusanyiko ya vyuo vikuu ambapo makombora lazima yanyanyuliwe na kupandwa kwa kutumia vijiti vya mbao.
Source: Mancala World – Sungka