Toguz Kumalak
Uhlobo lomdlalo: Two-row Central Asian mancala with central capture troughs (Kazakhstan / Kyrgyzstan) — nine seeds per hole, origin-returning sowing, even-parity opponent captures, and permanent territory claims via the tuzdik.
Uhlolojikelele
I-Toguz Kumalak ("amatshe ayisishiyagalolunye" ngesi-Kazakh, eyaziwa e-Kyrgyzstan ngokuthi Toguz Korgool, okusho ukuthi "amabhola obulongwe ayisishiyagalolunye") umdlalo wobuhlakani ohlonishwayo wase-Asia Emaphakathi.Inombolo yesishiyagalolunye ibambe ukubaluleka okujulile kwendawo yonke kanye namasiko kusiko lokuzulazula lesiTurkic, lapho amakhalenda omlando ake ahlela unyaka waba imijikelezo yamaviki ezinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye.Isabalele emigwaqweni yakudala kaSilk Road ngokufuduka kwabantu abayimizulane kanye ne-Islam, umdlalo ulandelela ifa lawo ngamatshe aqoshiwe ama-petroglyphs namabhodi okhuni asendulo asukela emuva okungenani ngekhulu le-16, abelana ngozalo lwamadlozi nomdlalo we-Anatolian Piç wasempumalanga yeTurkey.
Isiko labhalwa okokuqala ezincwadini zesimanje ze-ethnographic yisazi saseRussia u-Nikolai Pantusov (1906) kanye nesazi se-ethnologist saseJalimane uRichard Karutz (1911).Kulandela ukuhlanganiswa okusemthethweni kwemithetho yomqhudelwano ngo-1949, iKazakhstan yethula ubuqhawe bayo kazwelonke ngo-1974. Lo mdlalo uthole ukubusa kwamazwe ngamazwe ngokusungulwa kwe-World Toguz Kumalak Federation ngo-2008 kanye nokudlalwa komqhudelwano womhlaba wokuqala e-Astana ngo-2010.ogogo, kanye nomphakathi ophithizelayo waku-inthanethi ezinkundleni ezifana ne-igGameCenter.
Ibhodi
- Imigqa/Amazinga: Two
- Imigodi emugqeni: 9 (termed otau, meaning "yurt" or "family dwelling")
- Izinqolobane: Two central oblong basins called kazan ("cauldrons" or "boilers"; kazna in Kyrgyz) placed between the rows to hold captured counters
- Imbewu ngomgodi ekuqaleni: 9 (162 balls in total)
- Umdlali ngamunye ulawula izimbobo eziyisishiyagalolunye ohlangothini lwabo lwebhodi kanye ne-kazan engxenyeni yombangi wabo.Izimbobo ngokuvamile zinenombolo 1 kuya ku-9 ukusuka kwesobunxele kuye kwesokudla ukusuka endaweni yomdlali ngamunye.
Indlela Yokudlala
- Ukudlala kuqhubeka ngokuphikisana newashi kuphela ngezimbobo eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili.Ama-Kazan amaphakathi ayizindawo zokugcina izinto zokuthwebula futhi azitshalwa kuzo.
- Ethubeni labo, umdlali ukha zonke izinto zokubala kunoma iyiphi imbobo yakhe engeyona eye-tuzdik futhi azisabalalise ngokuphikisana nokuhamba kwewashi, ngayinye ngayinye, emigodini elandelanayo.
- Umthetho wezinto ezizodwa: Ukuhlwanyela kuqala ngokubuyisela isibali sokuqala emgodini osanda kuchithwa.
- Umthetho wezinto ezizodwa: Uma imbobo ekhethiwe iqukethe isibali esisodwa ncamashi, iyaphakanyiswa futhi idlulele embobeni elandelayo, ishiye imbobo yomsuka ingenalutho.
- Umdlali angeke neze akhiphe noma aqale ukuphuma ku-tuzdik esungulwe.
Ukubamba
- Uma isibali sokugcina somnyakazo sihlala embobeni ohlangothini lombangi bese sishiya leyo mbobo iqukethe okuthi If the final counter lands in an opponent's hole and brings its contents to exactly wamabhola (2, 4, 6, 8, njll.), zonke izinto zokubala kuleyo mbobo ziyathathwa futhi zidluliselwe ku-kazan yomdlali osebenzayo.Uma imbobo yokufikela iqukethe inombolo eyinqaba, akukho lutho olubanjwayo.
- *Tuzdik ("Sacred Place" / Kyrgyz Tuz, "Salt"):@@MT0@@three balls, the mover may claim that hole as their permanent tuzdik*.Izibali ezintathu zithathwa ngokushesha ku-kazan yomhambisi, futhi imbobo imakwa.Esikhathini esisele segeyimu, yonke ikhawunta ehlala kuleyo tuzdik ithathwa umnikazi wayo ngokushesha ku-kazan yabo.
Imikhawulo Ku-Tuzdik
- Umdlali angadala kuphela Akukho tuzdik elinganayo: tuzdik phakathi nomdlalo.
- Imbobo yesishiyagalolunye yombangi (imbobo engakwesokudla ohlangothini lwabo) ingafunwa ukuthi Akukho tuzdik elinganayo: njenge-tuzdik.Umnyakazo ophela lapho ngezimbewu ezintathu usemthethweni, kodwa awekho amafomu e-tuzdik.
- Akukho tuzdik elinganayo: Umdlali akakwazi ukusungula i-tuzdik embobeni efana ne-tuzdik ekhona yombangi (isibonelo, uma omelene naye esevele elawula imbobo yesithathu ohlangothini lwakho, awukwazi ukufuna imbobo yesithathu kweyakhe).
- I-tuzdik esunguliwe ayikwazi ukususwa noma kuhlehliswe ngesikhathi somdlalo.
Ukuphela Komdlalo Nokuwina
- Umdlalo uphetha lapho umdlali engakwazi ukwenza umnyakazo osemthethweni ngesikhathi sakhe ngoba zonke izimbobo ezingezona ze-tuzdik ohlangothini lwakhe azinalutho (atsyz kalu, "ushiywe ngaphandle kwehhashi").
- Wonke amabhola asele ebhodini ngaphandle kwama-kazans nama-tuzdiks aqoqwa ngumdlali abaphumula ohlangothini lwakhe.
- Umdlali oqoqe isamba esikhulu samabhola (ku-kazan yakhe nangokuthwebula kwe-tuzdik) uyawina.Ukufinyelela amabhola angu-82 kuqinisekisa ukunqoba okuqondile;ukuhlukana okungama-81–81 kuphumela ku-draw.
Izimo Ezihlukile
- Bestemshchi: (proper noun, untranslated): Inguqulo yesifunda eyenziwe lula edlalwa ebhodini elingu-2×7 elinamabhola angu-7 imbobo ngayinye.
- Bestemshchi: (proper noun, untranslated): Okuhlukile kwentsha esebenzisa ibhodi engu-2×5 enamabhola angu-5 embotsheni ngayinye, edlalwa ngaphandle komthetho we-tuzdik.
- Izinhlobonhlobo zomlando zangaphambi kuka-1949 zifakiwe ekuthwebuleni ngokuqinile ekufikeni kwe-singleton noma ukuhlwanyela kabusha okungavunyelwe emgodini wendabuko.
Amanothi
- Ezingeni eliyinhloko, ubude bomdlalo wamaqhinga buyahlukahluka kakhulu;umdlalo omfushane wokuqhudelana kwirekhodi ophothulwe ngemuva nje kwemizuzu engu-17 phakathi kuka-Nurlan Eleusiz no-Serik Aktayev e-Aktau (2006), kanti ukuwina kwethiyori okuphansi kwezibalo kudinga iminyakazo engu-11.
- Izinjini ezihamba phambili zekhompyutha zifaka isoftware ka-Yernar Shambayev yodumo ethi "Toguz Kumalak 2011" eyakhiwe ePavlodar;lo mdlalo wabuye wethulwa ku-university computer science pedagogy nguDkt. Kirk Scott e-University of Alaska Anchorage ngo-2005.
Source: Mancala World – Toguz Kumalak