Giuthi
Uhlobo lomdlalo: Two-player two-row mancala without stores, typically eight holes per row and eight seeds per hole — alternating-direction multi-lap relay sowing; own empty-hole landings capture opposite pits and effecting seed after enemy incursions; repetition draws
Uhlolojikelele
I-Giuthi (okusho ukuthi "ukusabalalisa" noma "ukubeka" ngesi-Kikuyu) iyisiko le-mancala elifuna ngokuhlakanipha emiphakathini yamaKikuyu nama-Embu emaphakathi neKenya.Ngokujwayelekile ikhishwe emhlabeni oshiswe yilanga noma yenziwe amapulangwe aqinile ngabelusi nabafana abasebancane abaqaphe izinkomo nezimbuzi emagqumeni eNtaba iKenya, lo mdlalo umele ukuhlolwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-arithmetic eya phambili.U-Giuthi waqala ukuchazwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-1925 yisazi se-ethnologist saseBrithani u-Granville St. John Orde Browne ku-The Vanishing Tribes of Kenya.Izingqapheli zangaleso sikhathi nababhali—abanjengo-Elspeth Huxley ku-Red Strangers (1939) kanye nomzingeli wezilwane ezinkulu u-John A. Hunter ngo-Tales of the African Frontier (1954)—baphawule ukuthi isivinini esididayo sokubala kwengqondo nokudluliselwa kokuqondisa emuva kwamangaza izibukeli zase-Europe, kuyilapho intsha yase-Kikuyu idlala izingcweti.Izinto zokubala zazihlanganisa amatshe omfula ayindilinga, aqinile mubuthi imbewu yesihlahla (Caesalpinia volkensii), noma amajikijolo aphuzi e-apula laseSodoma (Solanum incanum), aziwa phakathi kwesiKikuyu esiseningizimu ngokuthi ndongu.
Ibhodi
- Imigqa/Amazinga: Two
- Imigodi emugqeni: 5 to 10 holes (the popular casual configuration uses 8 holes per row, totaling 16 holes)
- Izinqolobane: None; captured seeds are placed off the board
- Izinto zomdlalo: 4 to 9 seeds per pit depending on board dimensions; 8 seeds per hole on standard 2×8 boards (128 seeds total)
- Isakhiwo (okujwayelekile 2×8):
[ 0 ] [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] <- Umdlali 1
[ 8 ] [ 9 ] [10 ] [11 ] [12 ] [13 ] [14 ] [15 ] <- Umdlali 0- Indingilizi yokutshala: Counter-clockwise traverses pits 8 through 15 (left-to-right), then 0 through 7; clockwise walks the loop in reverse.
Indlela Yokudlala
- Ukweqa: Konke ukunyakaza kufanele kuqale emgodini oqukethe okungenani izimbewu ezimbili.Imbobo ebambe imbewu eyodwa (i-singleton) ayikwazi ukuhlwanyelwa.
- Ukweqa: Engxenyeni yokuqala yejika, umdlali ukhetha ukuhlwanyela ngokwewashi noma ngokuphikisana newashi.
- Ukweqa:
- Uma imbewu yokugcina ethangeni iwela emgodini obanjwe abantu, zonke izimbewu kulowo mgodi (kuhlanganise nembewu esanda kumiswa) ziyaqoqwa bese zihlwanyelwa kwelinye isiqephu ku-Ukweqa:.
- Konke ukuguqulwa kokudluliselwa kushintshela emuva naphambili phakathi kokuhamba kwewashi nokuphikisana nokuhamba kwewashi.
- Ukweqa:
- Ukweqa: Uma imbewu yokugcina iwela emgodini ongenalutho ohlangothini lwebhodi lombangi, umnyakazo uyafa ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuthwebula futhi ukujika kudlule.
- Ukweqa: Uma imbewu yokugcina iwela emgodini ongenalutho ohlangothini lomdlali, kodwa kungekho mbewu etshalwe kumugqa wombangi phakathi nawo wonke lowo mnyakazo, umdlali uthola umnyakazo owengeziwe abese ehlwanyela futhi esuka komunye umgodi.
- Ukweqa: Uma imbewu yokugcina iwela emgodini ongenalutho ngemva kokuba okungenani imbewu eyodwa iphonswe endaweni yezimbangi phakathi nomnyakazo, ukuthwebula kuyaqaliswa.
- Ukweqa: Uma umdlali enama-singletons kuphela nemigodi engenalutho, akanazo iminyakazo esemthethweni futhi kufanele adlule.Uma ukuhlwanyela kamuva kubanikeza umgodi wezimbewu ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, kufanele baphinde badlale.
Ukubamba
- Uma imbewu yokugcina iwela emgodini ongenalutho ohlangothini lomdlali ngemuva kokuvakashela indawo yombangi:
- Umdlali uthwebula zonke izimbewu emgodini wezimbangi obhekene ngqo nembobo yokufikela, kanye nembewu esanda kufakwa embotsheni yokufikela ngokwayo.
- Chain capturing: Uma imbobo yokufikela ilandelwa kumugqa womdlali ukulandelana okunganqamuki kwezimbobo ezingenalutho ezilandelanayo, imbewu ekwizimbobo zezimbangi ngqo ngaphesheya kuzo zonke lezo zimbobo ezingenalutho nazo ziyabanjwa.
- Zonke izinto zokubala ezibanjiwe zifakwe ebhange enqwabeni yamaphuzu womdlali.
Ukuphela Komdlalo Nokuwina
- Umdlalo uphetha lapho kungekho mdlali ongakwazi ukwenza umnyakazo osemthethweni (zombili izinhlangothi ziphethe ama-singleton kuphela noma azinalutho), noma lapho isimo sebhodi elifanayo liphinda ngomdlali ofanayo ukuze anyakaze (aphele ngokulingana).
- Umdlali ngamunye ubala amaphuzu akhe: imbewu ethathiwe kanye nazo zonke izimbewu ezisele ezihlala emigodini yazo.
- Umdlali onenani eliphelele lamaphuzu uwina umdlalo.
Amanothi
- Isaga samasiko: Isimo esiyisisekelo samaqhinga somdlalo sifinyezwa esimisweni esidumile sesi-Kikuyu: "You cannot steal the cattle of another man without entering his land!"
- Ukucushwa komlando okurekhodiwe:
- 2 × 5 izimbobo (umdlalo wokufundisa oyisingeniso).
- Izimbobo ezi-2x6 ezinembewu emi-4 noma engu-6 emgodini ngamunye (isakhiwo esivamile sabaqalayo).
- 2x7 izimbobo ezinembewu engu-6 emgodini ngamunye (isakhiwo esivelele esiphawulwe isazi se-ethnologist u-Walter Driedger).
- Izimbobo ezi-2x8 ezinembewu emi-4 noma engu-8 emgodini ngamunye (ukuhlelwa okujwayelekile kwezokungcebeleka kuyo yonke i-Kikuyuland).
- 2x10 izimbobo ezinembewu engu-9 emgodini ngamunye (isakhiwo esinzima sokukhubazeka lapho umdlali ovulayo engathola khona izinhlamvu eziyishumi ngokushesha).
- Izindida zezibalo: Imidlalo yokuphela kwe-Giuthi idale ukuqanjwa kwezinkinga ezisemthethweni ezifundweni ze-mancala, izixazululi eziyinselele ukubala ukudluliselwa okubuyela emuva okunemilenze eminingi ukuze kuphoqe ukuwina noma ukudweba ezikhundleni eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Source: Mancala World – Giuthi