Mangala II
Uhlobo lomdlalo: Two-player two-row mancala without stores; 2×6 board with single-lap counter-clockwise sowing; backward-chaining captures of pits reaching even counts of two, four, or six counters on either row; passing allowed when immobilized.
Uhlolojikelele
I-Mangala iwumdlalo odumile we-Ottoman Turkish mancala owathola ukuthandwa kabanzi phakathi nekhulu le-17, le-18, nele-19 e-Anatolia, i-Levant, i-Aegean Archipelago, kanye nenhlonhlo yaseCrimea.Osomlando bemibhalo bayixhumanisa nokukhulunywa kwasekuqaleni kwe-mancala ngobusuku beshumi nanhlanu One Thousand and One Nights (Kitāb Alf Layla wa-Layla).Imidwebo emincane yekhulu le-16 ye-Ottoman ibonisa ngokusobala izakhamuzi nabantu benkantolo abacwile emdlalweni ezindaweni eziphithizelayo zekhofi zaseTurkey.
Abahambi baseYurophu bahlangana futhi babhala iMangala kabanzi: umhloli wamazwe ongumFulentshi uJean de Thévenot wayibhala ngo-1664 phakathi nohambo lwakhe eLevant, elandelwa u-Oxford orientalist uThomas Hyde ngo-1694. Ngo-1771, u-Pierre Augustin Guys wachaza ukulandela kwayo ngentshiseko eConstantinople.Isazi samaminerali u-Edward Daniel Clarke sayibona idlala namagobolondo amancane e-cowrie e-Balaklava ogwini lwaseCrimea ngo-1801, kuyilapho u-Peter Edmund Laurent ehlangana nabaxhasi bamaGreki nabaTurkey beyidlala ezindaweni ezidayisa ikhofi eChios Island ngo-1818.Anastasius (1819).
Ibhodi
- Imigqa/Amazinga: Two
- Imigodi emugqeni: 6 (traditionally carved into wooden folding boxes or scooped directly into the earth)
- Izinqolobane: None
- Imbewu ngomgodi ekuqaleni: 6 counters (historically glass beads called boncuğu or cowrie shells)
- Isamba sembewu: 72 counters
- Umhlanganyeli ngamunye ulawula izinga lezimbobo eziyisithupha eziseduze nabo.
Indlela Yokudlala
- Abadlali bashintshana ngokushintshana.Umdlali uphakamisa okuqukethwe okugcwele kwanoma yimuphi umgodi ongenalutho ohlangothini lwakhe futhi akuhlwanyele ngayedwa ngendlela ephikisana newashi ezungeze ibhodi.
- Ukuhlwanyela kuyinto ngokuqinile single-ethangeni;akukho ukuhlwanyelwa kwe-relay okwenzekayo.
- Uma umugqa womdlali uqukethe izinto zokubala ngesikhathi sabo, kufanele badlule, okuvumela ophikisana naye ukuthi aqhubeke nokuhlwanyela kuze kube yilapho izinto zokubala zijikela emuva kumugqa wazo.
Ukubamba
- Uma isibali sokugcina sejiko sihlala kunoma iyiphi imbobo—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ilele kumugqa womdlali noma ophikisana naye—futhi iletha isibalo sembobo esiphelele sibe zokubala ezimbili, ezine, noma eziyisithupha, lezo zingcezu ziyathathwa futhi zikhishwe ebhodini.
- Uma umgodi owandulela lowo mgodi eduze kwethrekhi yokuhlwanyela uqukethe nokubala okulinganayo kwezibali ezimbili, ezine, noma eziyisithupha, lezo zingcezu ziyabanjwa futhi.Lolu chungechunge lunwebeka ngokuqhubekayo ngokusebenzisa noma yiluphi uchungechunge olunganqamuki lwemigodi ehlangabezana nalesi simo sokulingana.
Ukuphela Komdlalo Nokuwina
- Umdlalo uphetha lapho zonke izimbobo kulo lonke ibhodi zingenalutho zokubala.
- Umdlali obambe inani elikhulu lezibali (okungenani ezingama-37) umenyezelwe njengomnqobi.Ukuhlukaniswa okulinganayo kwama-36–36 kubangela ukutonyulwa kwamaphuzu.
Amanothi
- I-Mangala ihlobene eduze nesiJalimane sase-Baltic Mangola, ehluke kakhulu ngokuthi iMangala ngokwesiko idlalwa ngaphandle kwamabhola akhethekile (Schatzhöhlen) futhi ihlanganisa nemithetho yokuphasisa egcina umdlalo uphila kuze kube yilapho ibhodi selisuliwe ngokuphelele.
- Izinhlobonhlobo zezifunda zigcwele ezindaweni zangaphambili ze-Ottoman: ifomu elidlalwa e-Gaziantep eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Anatolia lihlanganisa ama-relay amaningi kanye nokuthwebula komgodi ophambene okufana ne-Syrian Mangola, kuyilapho ukuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene kwama-Bedouin kuqhubeka kulo lonke elaseGibhithe naseSinayi.
- I-Mangala imele esinye sezigameko zokuqala ezirekhodiwe zegeyimu ye-mancala edayiswa eNtshonalanga Yurophu.Ngo-1863, u-Walter Whitmore Jones wabhalisa i-copyright yaseBrithani ethi umdlalo owasungulwa mathupha, owabuye wakhiqizwa futhi wakhangiswa e-London ngu-John Jaques & Son ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo wefonetiki Mangola.
- Isazi se-ethnologist sase-Turkish u-Metin Futhi siphawule isivinini sombani nokugxilisa ingqondo okudingwa umdlalo we-coffeehouse wendabuko, saqaphela ukuthi ochwepheshe kufanele babale iminyakazo ngenkathi isitha sabo sidlala, njengoba ukwenza ukujika komzimba kushesha futhi kunesigqi.
Source: Mancala World – Mangala II