Dakon
Uhlobo lomdlalo: Two-player two-row mancala with two end stores, seven holes per row, seven seeds per hole — multi-lap relay sowing; own-store endings award bonus turns; dual capture rules: shooting opposite holes (nembak) on own empty finishes, and shoulder-pole captures (mikul) of equal neighbors on opponent empty finishes
Uhlolojikelele
I-Dakon (ephinde yapelwa ngokuthi Dhakon noma Permainan Dakon) iyi-mancala yesiJava yase-Indonesia, eyingxenye yomndeni osabalele wase-Austronesian Congkak.Okokuqala okuchazwe ezincwadini zaseNtshonalanga nguSir Thomas Stamford Raffles emsebenzini wakhe omkhulu we-1817 The History of Java, ophawule ukuthandwa kwawo phakathi kwabesifazane bendawo, i-Dakon isewumdlalo othandwayo kuyo yonke i-Java, egujwa ngokuthuthukisa ubuhlakani bezinombolo nokubala kwengqondo okusheshayo.Ngaphandle kwesiko layo lokungcebeleka, i-Dakon inesikhundla esivelele ezincwadini zethiyori yegeyimu: ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo kubonise ukuthi ngaphansi kokudlala okuhle kakhulu kumabhodi ajwayelekile, umdlali wokuqala angakwazi ukubala ukunqoba okuphoqelekile kusukela ekuhambeni kokuvula.Izibali ezisetshenziswayo ngokwesiko ziyimbewu ebushelelezi, ensundu ngokumnyama yesithelo se-sapodilla (biji sawo), ebonisa izimpande zomdlalo wasemaphandleni wezolimo.
Ibhodi
- Imigqa/Amazinga: Two
- Imigodi emugqeni: 5 to 9 holes, with 7 playing holes (sawah, "rice fields") per row standing as the universal standard (14 playing pits total)
- Izinqolobane: Two large storage hollows called lumbung ("rice barns"), one at either end
- Izinto zomdlalo: 7 seeds per hole on a standard board (98 seeds total), usually sapodilla seeds (biji sawo) or small shells
- Ukuhlelwa kwasekuqaleni:
[ Isitolo: Umdlali 1 ]
[ 0 ] [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] <- Umdlali 1
[ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [10 ] [11 ] [12 ] [13 ] <- Umdlali 0
[ Isitolo: Umdlali 0 ]Indlela Yokudlala
- Ukuphela kwesinyathelo:Pingsut):* Play begins alternately, with the first mover traditionally decided by pingsut* (umdlalo weminwe waseJavane lapho isithupha/indlovu yehlula khona inkomba/umuntu, umuntu ehlula umunwe/intuthwane, futhi intuthwane yehlula indlovu ngokukhasa endlebeni yayo).
- Ukuhlwanyela kuqhubeka ngamunye ngamunye emigodini elandelanayo nasesitolo somdlali (Ukuphela kwesinyathelo:), kudlule isitolo sombangi.
- Ukuphela kwesinyathelo: Uma imbewu yokugcina iwela embotsheni yokudlala, zonke izimbewu kuleyo mbobo ziyasuswa ngokushesha futhi zisatshalaliswe kwelinye ithanga.
- Ukuphela kwesinyathelo: Uma imbewu yokugcina iwela ngqo esitolo somdlali, umdlali uzuza umnyakazo owengeziwe kunoma iyiphi imbobo ehlezi eceleni kwakhe.
- Ukuphela kwesinyathelo: Uma imbewu yokugcina iwela emgodini ongenalutho, ithanga liyaphela futhi ukujika kuyaphetha.
Ukubamba
I-Dakon ihlanganisa izindlela ezimbili zokuthwebula ezihlukene, ezinamasu amakhulu: 1. *Balanced shoulder-pole capture (Nembak):Gendong):*
- Uma imbewu yokugcina ye-lap iwela embobeni engenalutho ohlangothini lomdlali, zonke izimbewu emgodini wombangi ngokuqondile ebhodini zithwetshulwa esitolo somdlali.
- Imbewu eyodwa ewele emgodini ongenalutho ihlala endaweni.
- Uma imbobo ephambene ingenalutho, azikho izimbewu ezibanjwayo.
2. *Balanced shoulder-pole capture (Mikul):*
- Uma imbewu yokugcina ye-lap iwela emgodini ongenalutho ohlangothini lwebhodi lombangi, umdlali uhlola omakhelwane ababili abaseduze bomugqa ofanayo waleyo mbobo yokufikela (kwesokunxele nakwesokudla).
- Uma zombili izimbobo ezingomakhelwane ziqukethe imbewu elinganayo, engeyona iqanda, okuqukethwe yibo bobabili omakhelwane KANYE nembewu esebenzayo kufakwa esitolo somdlali.
- Uma omakhelwane bephethe izinombolo ezingalingani zembewu, noma uma ukuhla kwenzeka kukholamu/enqenqemeni nomakhelwane oyedwa, akukho kubanjwa okwenzekayo.
Ukuphela Komdlalo Nokuwina
- Umdlalo uyanqamuka lapho umdlali okuyithuba lakhe engenambewu kunoma yiziphi izimbobo zokudlala (uhlangothi olungenalutho).
- Zonke izimbewu ezisele ebhodini zishanelwa ophikisana naye esitolo sombangi.
- Umdlali ngamunye ubala inani lokubala eligcinwe kokuthi lumbung.
- Umdlali othwebule inombolo enkulu yezimbewu uwina umdlalo.
Amanothi
- I-homonym yemivubukulo: E-Java, ama-megalith ama-prehistoric cupmarked angesikhathi Se-Bronze-Iron Age aziwa kakhulu ngokuthi sawah ("amatshe e-dakon") ngenxa yemigqa yokuhlehla kwe-hemispherical efana nebhodi legeyimu.Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwemivubukulo lubonisa ukuthi lawa ma-petroglyphs asendulo ayesetshenziselwa ukuhlonishwa kokhokho kanye nokubhekwa kwezinkanyezi esikhundleni sokudlala umdlalo.
- Amagama ezolimo: Igama lesi-Javanese libonisa isiko lokutshalwa kwerayisi le-Java—imigodi yomuntu ngamunye ibizwa ngokuthi sawah (amasimu erayisi aniselwe), izitolo zithi lumbung (izinqolobane zerayisi zomphakathi), futhi izinhlobo zokubanjwa zivusa ukuthwala isivuno ngehlombe (@@MT2@) noma MT2@3.
Source: Mancala World – Dakon