Congkak
Uhlobo lomdlalo: Two-player two-row mancala with two end stores, seven holes per row, seven seeds per hole — clockwise multi-lap relay sowing; own-store endings grant bonus turns; opposite-hole captures on own empty landings (mati bela); remaining seeds swept to opponent on empty-side start
Uhlolojikelele
I-Congkak (ebuye ibizwe ngokuthi Main Congkak yonkana i-Malaysia, i-Brunei, ne-Singapore, kanye no-Congklak e-Indonesia) iyi-mancala eyi-quintessential yase-Maritime Southeast Asia.Isekelwe ngokomlando ku-Malay yakudala ethi congak, okusho ukubala kwengqondo, igeyimu ibonisa ukubaluleka komlando kwezohwebo kwe-Malacca Sultanate, lapho abadayisi abahambayo beyisabalalisa khona kulo lonke iqoqo leziqhingi.Ngemva kokuzilibazisa okuyigugu kwezinkantolo zasebukhosini kanye nezicukuthwane, i-Congkak yashintsha yaba umdlalo wezwe othandwayo odlalwa abesifazane nezingane kuwo wonke amadolobhana.Isazi semvelo saseJalimane-saseDashi uGeorg Eberhard Rumpf (Rumphius) waqala ukuqopha okuhlukile kwe-Ambonese 12-hole (Tsjoncka) emithi yakhe yango-1701, futhi isazi se-ethnologist saseMelika uStewart Culin sabhala imithetho yaso ngo-1894, sazisa ngokuqondile imiklamo yesimanje ye-mancala efana ne-Kalah.E-Malaysia yanamuhla naseBrunei, i-Congkak inodumo oluphakeme lwamasiko, edlalwa ngezikhathi zemilindelo yemikhosi (Istiadat Malam Berjaga-jaga), evezwa ngemali kazwelonke, futhi yangenela imiqhudelwano yezikole kazwelonke.
Ibhodi
- Imigqa/Amazinga: Two
- Imigodi emugqeni: 5 to 15 holes, with 7 playing holes (lubang kampung or lubang anak) per row standing as the universal standard (14 playing pits total)
- Izinqolobane: Two large storage troughs called lubang rumah ("houses") in Malaysia or indung ("mothers") in Indonesia, located at either end
- Ubunikazi bezinqolobane: In standard clockwise play, each player controls the row in front of them and the store situated to their left
- Izinto zomdlalo: As many seeds per hole as there are pits per row; 7 seeds per pit on standard 2×7 boards (cowrie shells or tamarind seeds, totaling 98 seeds)
- Ukuhlelwa kwasekuqaleni:
[ Isitolo: Umdlali 1 ]
[ 0 ] [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] <- Umdlali 1
[ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [10 ] [11 ] [12 ] [13 ] <- Umdlali 0
[ Isitolo: Umdlali 0 ]Indlela Yokudlala
- Ukuhlwanyela kuqhubeka ngokuhambisana newashi ebhodini, kuphonsa imbewu eyodwa emgodini ngamunye eduze kwethrekhi.
- Imbewu ifakwa esitolo somdlali, kodwa isitolo sombangi sihlala sidlula.
- (Note on opening: While traditional casual play often begins with a simultaneous opening move, turn-based alternation is the standard structured convention). Uma imbewu yokugcina iwela embotsheni yokudlala, zonke izimbewu kuleyo mbobo zithathwa ngokushesha futhi zisatshalaliswe emathangeni alandelayo.
- (Note on opening: While traditional casual play often begins with a simultaneous opening move, turn-based alternation is the standard structured convention). Uma imbewu yokugcina iwela ngokuqondile esitolo somdlali, umdlali uthola ithuba lebhonasi ngokushesha futhi angahlwanyela kunoma yimuphi umgodi ongenalutho ohlangothini lwakhe.
- *(Note on opening: While traditional casual play often begins with a simultaneous opening move, turn-based alternation is the standard structured convention).mati): If the final seed drops into an empty hole, the lap dies (mati*) futhi ithuba liyaphetha.
- (Note on opening: While traditional casual play often begins with a simultaneous opening move, turn-based alternation is the standard structured convention).
Ukubamba (Mati Bela)
- Uma imbewu yokugcina yomnyakazo iwela emgodini ongenalutho ohlangothini lomdlali:
- Umdlali uthwebula zonke izimbewu embotsheni yombangi ebhekene ngqo nebhodi, kanye nembewu esebenzayo ewele emgodini ongenalutho.
- Lokhu kuthwebula kwaziwa ngokuthi mati bela ("ukufa komhlatshelo").
- Zonke izimbewu ezithunjiwe zifakwa esitolo somdlali.
- Uma imbobo ephikisanayo ingenalutho ngokuphelele, akukho kubanjwa okwenzekayo futhi imbewu esebenzayo ihlala emgodini.
Ukuphela Komdlalo Nokuwina
- Umdlalo uyanqamuka lapho umdlali okuyithuba lakhe engenambewu kunoma yiziphi izimbobo zokudlala (uhlangothi olungenalutho).
- Zonke izimbewu ezisele ebhodini zishanelwa ophikisana naye esitolo sombangi.
- Umdlali ngamunye ubala isamba sokubala esiqoqwe esitolo sakhe.
- Umdlali onesibalo esiphezulu sesitolo uwina umdlalo.
Amanothi
- Izimpawu zasolwandle: Amabhodi e-Congkak aqoshwa ngokwesiko kusuka ezingodweni eziminyene abe sesimweni sesikebhe sendabuko (L'Uranie), okuvusa izinganekwane zaseMalay zabadobi basolwandle ababevaleleke bedlula enkathini yeziphepho ezinamandla.
- Umndeni wesifunda: I-Congkak yakha ihange lamasiko lemidlalo eminingi yodade yaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kanye ne-Indian Ocean, okuhlanganisa i-Dakon (Java), i-Sungka (Philippines), i-Chongka' (i-Mariana Islands), i-Tungkayon (eningizimu yeThailand), i-Chonka (eSri Lanka), ne-Ohvalhu (i-Maldives).
- Imibhalo yomlando: Umdwebi nomhloli wamazwe waseFrance u-Jacques Étienne Victor Arago udwebe izakhamuzi zaseShayina zibambe iqhaza kumdlalo we-Congkak e-Kupang, e-Timor, ngesikhathi sokuzungeza kwakhe ngo-1817-1820 ku-corvette L'Uranie.
Source: Mancala World – Congkak