Tsoro
Uhlobo lomdlalo: Four-row traditional mancala without stores; 2 players, 21 pits per rank; Zimbabwean Shona variant (Fuva/Imbwe) with musoro head holes, relay sowing, and discretionary two-hole bonus captures.
Uhlolojikelele
Phakathi kwamaShona asenyakatho-mpumalanga yeZimbabwe, Tsoro igama elijwayelekile elisetshenziswa emidlalweni yamabhodi kanye nekhawunta, ehlanganisa uhlaka lwendabuko, izindida zokuqondanisa ezilandelanayo ezintathu (Tsoro Yemutatu), amadoda ayishumi nambili uMorris (@MT4@@), kanye namafomu e-mancala ayinkimbinkimbi.I-mancala yakudala enemigqa emine eningiliziwe lapha yaziwa ngokukhethekile ngokuthi Fuva noma Imbwe, enemithetho eyabhalwa okokuqala ngokuhlelekile ngo-1964 ngumcwaningi u-J. B. Matthews.Njengoba ilukwe ekuzijabuliseni komphakathi, amameshi ajwayele ukudlalwa ngaphandle ngokukha imigodi (magomba) aqonde emhlabeni noma esihlabathini futhi adlale ngamatshe abushelelezi emifuleni (matombo), imbewu yasendle, noma izikepisi zamabhodlela ezihloselwe kabusha, nakuba amabhodi nawo adwetshwa ephepheni futhi aqoshwe ngokhuni.Iqhudelana ngesakhiwo esinwetshiwe esingu-4×21, i-Tsoro ibungazwa ukujula kwayo okubalulekile, equkethe "amakhanda" ezinga langaphandle (misoro) avumela ukunqanyulwa komnyakazo, kanye nokuthwebula kwamabhonasi ashanelayo okuvumela umdlali ukuthi aphange amaphakethe esitha engeziwe ngemva kokwephula umugqa wangaphambili.
Ibhodi
- Imigqa/Amazinga: Four
- Imigodi emugqeni: Twenty-one (84 holes total on the standard full-size layout)
- Izinqolobane: None (captured pebbles are removed permanently from play)
- Izimbobo zaziwa ngesiShona ngokuthi Heads ( (ubunye: ):);izinto zokubala zibizwa ngo- The two rightmost holes of each player's outer row are designated as "heads" ( ("amatshe").
- Umdlali ngamunye uyala amarenki amabili ohlangothini lwabo lwebhodi.
- *Heads (misoro):@@MT2@musoro; plural: misoro*), esebenza njengezindawo ezingcwele ezinobuhlakani.
- Ukuhlelwa kwasekuqaleni:** Outer rows begin with two stones per hole; both inner rows start completely empty (84 stones total):
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Indlela Yokudlala
- Abadlali bayashintshana ngokuhambisa amatshe.
- Esikhathini somdlali, baphakamisa wonke amatshe kunoma iyiphi imbobo ohlangothini lwabo ababambe okungenani izinto zokubala ezimbili futhi bazihlwanyele ngokuphikisana newashi, bewisa itshe elilodwa imbobo ngayinye ezizungeze amarenki abo amabili.
- Izinto ezizodwa: Uma itshe lokugcina ethangeni lihlala emgodini ovaliwe ngaphandle kwekhanda, elikuqukethe liyacoshwa futhi lisatshalaliswe kwelinye ithanga.
- Izinto ezizodwa: Uma itshe lokugcina liwela ekhanda elimatasa (musoro), umdlali unokukhetha kwamaqhinga ukuthi acoshe elikuqukethe futhi aqhubeke nokudlulisa, noma amise umnyakazo ngokushesha.
- Izinto ezizodwa: Umnyakazo uphela lapho itshe lokugcina liwela emgodini ongenalutho, noma lapho umdlali ema ngokuzithandela lapho efika ekhanda elimatasa.
- Izinto ezizodwa: Uma umdlali esele nama-singletons kuphela, itshe elilodwa lingasuswa, kodwa ngokuqinile kuphela uma imbobo eseduze elandelayo ingenalutho.
Ukubamba
- Uma itshe lokugcina lomnyakazo liwela embotsheni engenalutho kumugqa ongaphakathi womdlali, futhi imbobo yomugqa ongaphakathi ephambene ngokuqondile iqukethe amatshe, lawo matshe ophikisana naye ayabanjwa.
- Ngesikhathi esifanayo, noma yimaphi amatshe ahlezi embotsheni yomugqa ongemuva yombangi kufayela elifanayo nawo ayathathwa, asuse ikholomu ngokuphelele.
- Ukubamba okwengeziwe: Ngemva kokuthwebula umugqa wangaphambili, umdlali uthola ilungelo lokushaqa okuqukethwe kwanoma yiziphi izimbobo zesitha ezengeziwe azikhethele noma yikuphi ohlangothini lwebhodi lombangi.
- Wonke amatshe athunjiwe akhishwa ebhodini.
Ukuphela Komdlalo Nokuwina
- Umdlalo uphetha lapho umdlali enganyakazi ngokuphelele futhi engakwazi ukwenza okunye umnyakazo.
- Umdlali osenamatshe asele ebhodini umenyezelwa njengomnqobi.Umdlalo wendabuko awuboni ukudonsa.
Amanothi
- Isithenjwa somlando wesizwe: J. B. Matthews uqophe ukwehluka kwemithetho embalwa ejwayelekile kulo lonke elaseZimbabwe:
- Ukunciphisa ukuthwebula ibhonasi kumgodi wesitha owodwa kuphela, noma ukukhuphula kube izimbobo ezintathu zebhonasi.
- Ukuphatha kuphela imbobo eyodwa kwesokudla njengenhloko, efakwe izibali ezintathu ekusetheni kokuvula.
- Ukusebenzisa izakhiwo zamabhodi amancane ukusheshisa ukudlala, okufana namagridi angu-4×6, 4×8, 4×12, 4×15, kanye nangu-4×18.
- Isithenjwa somlando wesizwe: Imigodi ibizwa ngokuthi Tsoro: A Traditional Shona Game, amatshe athi matombo, futhi imigodi yekhanda ithi misoro (ubunye musoro, ngokwezwi nezwi "ikhanda").
- Isithenjwa somlando wesizwe: J. B. Matthews, Tsoro: A Traditional Shona Game, 1964.
Source: Mancala World – Tsoro