Omweso

Uhlobo lomdlalo: Four-row mancala (two players) without stores; continuous relay sowing around own territory; frontal column captures with reverse (clockwise) option from leftmost pits; tournament match-point scoring (bulijo, okutema, akawumbi).

Dlala lo mdlalo

Uhlolojikelele

Omweso (evame ukuhunyushwa ngokuthi Mweso noma Mweisho, esuselwe etymologically kwelesiSwahili elithi michezo, okusho ukuthi "imidlalo") iwumlando we-royal mancala yase-Baganda kanye nomdlalo webhodi kazwelonke wase-Uganda.Ngokwesiko lomlomo lamaGanda, lo mdlalo wethulwa ngekhulu le-16 ngababusi abadumile baseBachwezi bobukhosi bakwaBunyoro-Kitara.Emakhulwini eminyaka yakha ingxenye eyinhloko yomkhosi wasebukhosini: uKabakas obusayo waseBuganda wadlala u-Omweso ngesikhathi semicikilisho yokutshalwa kwezimali ethi okwesa e-Budo Hill, isiko lasebukhosini elithatha amakhulu ayisithupha eminyaka.INkosi uMutesa I (owabusa iBuganda kusukela ngo-1856 kuya ku-1884) yayigujwa njengengcweti yamasu kanye nomvikeli oshisekayo webhodi.Umfundaze waseNtshonalanga waqala ukubhala imithetho yawo eyinkimbinkimbi ngo-1934 ngo-RS Shackell.Ngemuva kokubuya kukaKabaka Sir Edward Mutesa II ekudingisweni eBrithani ngo-1955 futhi eqiniswa ukuvuselelwa kwamasiko e-Bataka Movement, u-Omweso wavela enkundleni yezicukuthwane waba umdlalo kazwelonke ophilayo, noqhudelanayo obuswa yimibuthano yomqhudelwano esemthethweni.

Ibhodi

• Imigqa/Amazinga: Four
• Imigodi emugqeni: 8 (32 pits total)
• Izinqolobane: None
• Imbewu: 64 undifferentiated counters called empiki (traditionally the hard, polished black seeds of the omuti gw'empiki tree). At the outset, each player receives 32 seeds; in standard play, these are arranged as 4 seeds per pit across one row, or custom-distributed across the player's 16 holes according to tactical preference (typically capped at 10 seeds in any single hole).
• Isifunda: Each player exclusively owns the 16 pits on their side of the board (two rows of eight holes).

Indlela Yokudlala

• Umdlali wokuqala unqunywa inkatho;Umdlali ngamunye usetha imbewu yakhe engu-32 ngaphakathi kwemigodi yakhe engu-16, ngemva kwalokho umdlali wokuqala aqalise umdlalo.
• Umdlali ukhetha noma yimuphi umgodi wobungani ophethe imbewu emibili noma ngaphezulu futhi ayihlwanyele ngayinye ngayinye ngokuphikisana newashi eduze kwesekhethi yakhe enezimbobo ezingu-16.Ukuhlwanyela kuhlala ngokuphelele kuhhafu womdlali ebhodini.
• Uma imbewu yokugcina iwela emgodini obekukade kuhlawulwe kuwo, zonke izimbewu kulowo mgodi (kuhlanganise nekhawunta esanda kufika) ziyaphakanyiswa futhi zisatshalaliswe emzuliswaneni olandelayo wokudlulisa ngaphambi kokuba ithuba lidlule.Ukuhlwanyelwa kwe-relay kuyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho imbewu yokugcina iwela emgodini ongenalutho.
• Ukuhlwanyela okukhethekile kokuvula (Ekyobutabal, okubuye kubizwe ngokuthi okukoneeza ekudlalweni komqhudelwano): Ngaphambi kokuthi kuthathwe umdlalo wokuqala, umdlali obambe izimbewu ezintathu ncamashi emgodini angase azihlwanyele ngokuphonsa izimbewu ezimbili emgodini oseduze kanye nenye emgodini ongasemuva, anqamule ukujika ngemva kwalesi siqephu esisodwa ngaphandle kokudluliselana noma ukuthwebula.
• Izindlela zokudlala:
• Ekyobutabal ("ukubala"): ukudlala ngamabomu, kwakudala nokubala okungaphelelwa yisikhathi.
• Ekyobutabal: ukudlala kwenkontileka okusemthethweni lapho abadlali beshintshana ngembewu yokuvula, okubonisa isivumelwano esiyisibopho esingavumeli ukuhoxiswa komnyakazo.
• Ekyobutabal: ukudlala kwe-blitz okusheshayo okuvumela imizuzwana emithathu kuphela yezingxoxo ngomnyakazo ngamunye, okujwayelekile emiqhudelwaneni yokuncintisana namakilabhu asemadolobheni.

Ukubamba

• Uma imbewu yokugcina ye-lap iwela embotsheni ehlala umuntu kumugqa ongaphakathi womdlali, futhi yomibili imigodi ephikisanayo kuleyo kholomu iqukethe imbewu, zonke izinto zokubala eziphuma embotsheni yangaphakathi nengaphandle yesitha kuleyo kholomu ziyabanjwa.
• Izibali ezibanjiwe zihlwanyelwa kabusha kusukela emgodini lapho ithanga lokubamba laqala khona.
• Ukuvula umkhawulo wokuthwebula umnyakazo: Akekho umdlali ovunyelwe ukuthwebula imbewu ngesikhathi sakhe sokuqala somdlalo.Ukufika okufanelekile ekujikeni koku-1 kuqhubeka njengokudluliswa okujwayelekile ngaphandle kokuthatha amatshe aphikisayo.
• Ukuhlehlisa ukuthwebula: Esikhundleni sokuhlwanyela ngokuphambene newashi, umdlali angase ahlwanyele ngokuhambisana newashi kunoma yimiphi imigodi emine kwesokunxele uma futhi kuphela uma leyo milenze ehlehlayo iphumela ekuthwebuleni okuqondile.Eminyakazweni eyandisiwe, abadlali bangase bahlanganise imizuliswano edluliselwe phambili futhi bahlehlise imilenze yokuthwebula noma nini lapho izimo ezidingekayo zifinyelelwa.

Ukuphela Komdlalo Nokuwina

• Umdlalo ubangwa ngemidlalo eminingi kuze kube yilapho umdlali efinyelela amaphuzu ayi-12:
• Akakyala (iphuzu elingu-1): ukunqoba okuvamile, okutholwa lapho ophikisana naye eshiywe ngaphandle komnyakazo osemthethweni (yonke imigodi yabamelene nayo iqukethe imbewu engu-0 noma engu-1).
• Akakyala (amaphuzu angu-2, "ukunquma ikhanda"): kufinyelelwa ngokususa ngokuphelele umugqa ongaphambili wombangi noma ukubamba yonke imigodi yamakhona angaphandle (Okukoneeza).
• Akakyala (amaphuzu angu-12): ukunqoba kwe-slam okukhulu okutholwe ngokuphuca isibali ngasinye endaweni yombangi, okuphetha ngokuthwebula emgodini, ngokuwina wonke umdlalo ngokushesha.
• Izimo ezengeziwe zomqhudelwano: Akakyala (ukuthola ukuthwebula okubili okuhlukene ngaphambi kokuthi ophikisana naye athole amaphuzu akhe okuqala, abiza amaphuzu angu-2) kuyisimo sokuwina ongasikhetha okuvunyelwene ngaso ngaphambi kokudlala;U-Okukoneeza ubiza ukuhlwanyela okukhethekile kwezimbewu ezintathu ngaphambi kokuthatha (okwesera) okuchazwe ngenhla, hhayi umbandela ohlukile wokuwina.
• Esimeni esingavamile somjikelezo odluliswayo ongapheli, onganqamuki, imithetho yomqhudelwano ivumela kufika emaminithini amathathu ukuxazulula umnyakazo ngaphambi kokuthi igeyimu ichithwe.

Amanothi

• Indaba yomlando ibungaza uMkasa, u-Ekyobutabal (undunankulu) ngaphansi kweNkosi uMutesa I, njengomunye wogogo abesabekayo eMpumalanga Afrika yekhulu le-19.Ibhodi lefa lika-Mutesa I lagcinwa e-Kasubi Royal Tombs (indawo ye-UNESCO yamagugu omhlaba) kwaze kwaba yilapho kuqubuka umlilo onzima ngoMashi 2010.
• Imikhuba yendabuko nemikhuba emibi ngokomlando yayigodliwe u-Omweso ukuze adlale emini, ayenqabela ngokuqinile imidlalo yasebusuku, kuyilapho amasiko asebukhosini ekuqaleni ayengakhuthazi ukuhlanganyela kwabesifazane nabangezona izicukuthwane.
• Ngo-2001, isazi sezibalo sekhompiyutha uSteven Mayer sakha "Isivivinyo sikaMayer" ukuze sithole ngokuhlaziya ukuthi ukulungiselelwa kwebhodi okunikiwe kungagcina izihibe zokuhlwanyela ezingapheli.
• Ukudlala komqhudelwano osheshayo (Ekyobutabal) kuphonsela inselelo izingcweti ukuthi zizibophezele ezibalweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezinemilenze eminingi ngaphakathi kwewindi eliqinile lamasekhondi amathathu umnyakazo ngamunye.

Source: Mancala World – Omweso

Yonke imidlalo ye-mancala