Bao la Kiswahili

Uhlobo lomdlalo: Four-row traditional mancala without stores; 2 players, 8 pits per rank; two distinct phases (opening seed-introduction namu followed by open-board mtaji relay sowing); front-row adversarial captures only.

Dlala lo mdlalo

Uhlolojikelele

Kubungazwa kulo lonke ugu lwesiSwahili njengomncintiswano wobuhlakani ophakeme we-Indian Ocean littoral, Bao la Kiswahili (kusuka egameni lesiSwahili bao, elisho "ibhodi") iphakathi kwemidlalo yamasu ayimfihlo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu eyake yaklanywa.Isikhathi eside sigxile emasikweni olwandle aseBajun, amadolobha aseSwahili, iZanzibar, iTanzania egudle ugu kanye neKenya, kanye neziqhingi zaseComoro, isiko liphinde lifinyelele ezindaweni zezohwebo zamaSulumane, imiphakathi yaseSakalava enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeMadagascar, iYao yaseMalawi (eyihlonipha ngokuthi @@MT2@), kanye nezindawo ezingaphandle kwezwe ukusuka eKisangani eDR Congo kuya eBujumbura.Umbhali wamakholoni waseFrance u-Étienne de Flacourt urekhode okwehlukile kweSakalava okwakwaziwa ngokuthi Fifangha emuva ngo-1658, kuyilapho i-English Orientalist uThomas Hyde yakubona e-Anjouan ngo-1694. I-British Museum igcina isifanekiso somzimba esidala kunazo zonke esisekhona-ibhodi eliqoshwe kahle laseMalawi, ukuguquguquka kwe-taccal ephethwe ngo-1896.tempos, kanye nezimfuneko eziqinile zokubanjwa, lo mdlalo wawuyintandokazi yempilo yonke yomsunguli weTanzania, u-Mwalimu Julius Nyerere, kanye nomongameli wokuqala waseZanzibar, u-Abeid Amani Karume.

Ibhodi

• Imigqa/Amazinga: Four
• Imigodi emugqeni: Eight
• Izinqolobane: none (seeds are captured from the opponent's front row)
• Izimbobo ziyindilinga ngaphandle kweyesine ukusuka kwesokudla emigqeni emaphakathi, eyisikwele futhi ebizwa ngokuthi kichwa ("indlu").I-kimbi iyayeka ukusebenza okwesikhashana nyumba uma inembewu engaphansi kwesithupha, futhi ekugcineni lapho okuqukethwe kwayo kuthwetshuliwe noma kuhanjiswe emathangeni.
• Izimbobo zokugcina kunoma yikuphi ekupheleni kwemigqa engaphakathi zibizwa ngokuthi kichwa ("ikhanda");kokubili imigodi yokugcina kanye nedlulele phambilini zaziwa ngokuthi kimbi.
• Isimo sasekuqaleni: each player has 22 seeds in reserve; seeds are laid out on the board as shown in the diagram:

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Indlela Yokudlala

• Kunesigaba sokuqala esinemithetho ekhethekile, ebizwa ngokuthi namu, lapho imbewu yethulwa khona, kanye nesiteji esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi mtaji, esiqala ngemva komnyakazo obeka imbewu yokugcina ebhodini.
• I-Bao la Kiswahili ngumdlalo onokuhlwanyelwa kwe-multilap.Umdlali ngamunye uhlwanyela ezungeze imigqa yakhe emibili kuphela.
• Ukunyakaza kungaba kanye noma ngaphandle kokuthwebula.Ukunyakaza okungabambi kwaziwa nangokuthi namu.Ukuthwebula kuyimpoqo.
• Imfuneko yokuthwebula iwukuba okungenani kube nezimbobo ezimbili ezihlezi zibhekene emigqeni yangaphambili yabadlali.Noma yikuphi ukuma okunjalo kuholela ekuthwebuleni ngesikhathi sesiteji esingu-namu, kodwa esigabeni esithi mtaji imbewu yokugcina yomzuliswano wokuqala kufanele iwele embobeni ephikisiwe ukuze kubanjwe ngempela.Okuqukethwe kumugqa ongaphambili wombangi kuphela okungabanjwa;abasemgqeni wakhe ongemuva baphephile.
• Imithetho ejwayelekile:
• Uma isiqephu sokuqala somnyakazo singabambi, akukho lutho oluzothathwa ekuhambeni okuphelele.Uma i-lap yokuqala ithwebula, ukuthwebula okuningi kungalandela, ngisho noma kuphazanyiswe ama-lap angabambi.
• Uma imbewu eyi-16 noma ngaphezulu ihlwanyelwe ethangeni lokuqala, akukho lutho oluzobanjwa.(Lo mthetho usebenza kuphela esigabeni sesibili.)

Namu Stage

nyumba

• Uma kungenzeki ukuthwebula, umdlali uthatha imbewu endaweni yakhe yokugcina ayifake embobeni engenalutho kumugqa wakhe ongaphambili:
• Uma umdlali eno-nyumba, akavunyelwe ukufaka imbewu kuyo ngaphandle uma kuwukuphela kwembobo kumugqa wakhe ongaphambili.
• Uma umdlali engena nyumba, angakwazi ukwengeza imbewu emgodini oqukethe okungenani izimbewu ezimbili, ngaphandle uma zonke izimbobo ezingenalutho kumugqa ongaphambili zingama-singletons.
• Emva kwalokho umdlali ucosha zonke izimbewu kulo mgodi azihlwanyele emigodini elandelanayo noma ikuphi (ngokuhamba kwewashi noma ngokuphambene newashi).
• Uma imbewu ifakwa ku-nyumba, uthatha izimbewu ezimbili kuphela kuyo azihlwanyele noma ikuphi.
• Uma imbewu yokugcina ihlwanyelwe emgodini ongenalutho, kodwa hhayi nyumba, okuqukethwe kwayo kuyathathwa futhi ukuhlwanyela kuqhubeke kuze kube yilapho imbewu yokugcina iwela emgodini ongenalutho, ophetha futhi ukujika.
• Uma i-lap igcina kokuthi nyumba, umnyakazo awuqhubeki futhi ukujika kuphelile ngaphandle kokulibala.

nyumba

• Ngemuva kokuthi umdlali efake imbewu embobeni enomthelela ekuthwebuleni, uthatha okuqukethwe kwembobo engaphakathi yombangi ebhekene nayo futhi ayihlwanyele emaphakathi nomugqa wakhe ongaphakathi eqala ngo-nyumba:
• Uma ethwebule ku-nyumba, kufanele aqale kokuthi safari ohlangothini olufanayo (kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla).
• Uma ethwebule emigodini emine emaphakathi, angakhetha okuthi nyumba.
• Uqhubeka emathangeni njengaku-nyumba ngaphandle uma imbewu yokugcina iphonswa embobeni engaphakathi yomugqa wakhe ongaphakathi futhi imbobo ephambene yombangi nayo ayinalutho, okuholela ekubanjweni okunye:
• Imbewu ebanjiwe manje kufanele itshalwe ibheke enkabeni isuka ku-nyumba ebheke lapho efike khona (ukuze isiqondiso sokuhlwanyela sihlale singashintshiwe), ngaphandle uma ethwebule ku-safari kwenye ingxenye yomugqa;bese eqala ku-nyumba walolu hlangothi futhi isiqondiso sokuhlwanyela siyahlehliswa.
• Uma umdlali eqeda ingquza ku-nyumba yakhe, angakhetha ukuyeka ukuhlwanyela noma aqhubeke (okuthiwa safari), okungabhubhisa okuthi nyumba phakade.

Mtaji Stage

kichwa

• Uma umdlali engenazo izimbewu zokugodla ezisele futhi engakwazi ukuthwebula, angakhetha noma iyiphi imbobo yomugqa wakhe ongaphambili (okuhlanganisa i-kichwa) equkethe imbewu engaphezu kweyodwa, abese ehlwanyela okukuyo noma ikuphi.
• Uma kukhona ama-singletons kuphela kumugqa wangaphambili, angase abambe imbobo kumugqa wakhe ongemuva, kodwa awekho ama-singletons.Umnyakazo uqhubeka nokuzungeza okuningi kuze kube yilapho imbewu yokugcina iphonswa emgodini ongenalutho.
• Umugqa ongaphambili angeke uze ungabi nalutho, ngisho nangokwesikhashana.Uma okuwukuphela kwembobo kumugqa ongaphambili kungu-kichwa futhi iqukethe imbewu ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, kufanele zihlwanyelwe maphakathi nomugqa wangaphambili.

namu

• Ukuthwebula kungenziwa kusukela kunoma iyiphi imbobo kunoma yimuphi umugqa ngezinhlamvu okungenani ezimbili.Imbewu ebanjiwe ihlwanyelwa ethangeni elisha maqondana nendawo ukusuka ku-namu ebheke lapho eqhamuke khona, ngaphandle uma ethwebule ku-safari kolunye uhlangothi lomugqa;bese eqala ngapha bese ehlehliswa indlela yokuhlwanyela.
• Uqhubeka emathangeni kuze kube yilapho imbewu yokugcina iwela emgodini ongenalutho.
• Ngokuphambene nesiteji namu, umdlali kufanele safari (aqhubeke nokuhlwanyela) uma ukuhlwanyela kugcina ngo-nyumba.

takata:

• Umthetho okhethekile wesiteji esithi mtaji.Uma ngemva kokuthi takata ukuhambisa okuqukethwe kwembobo yombangi oyedwa kuphela kusengozini yokubanjwa, kodwa ayikho neyodwa imbobo yomdlali esengozini (okungukuthi, ophikisana naye kufanele takata), le mbobo ithi takasiaed.Umdlali omelene naye akakwazi ukuqala ukujika kwakhe kuyo, futhi ngeke kuqhutshekwe nomnyakazo uma isondo ligcina kukho, ngaphandle uma kufinyelelwe emlenzeni wokuqala ku-nyumba.I-nyumba ngokwayo ayikwazi ukuba ngu-takasiaed, noma imbobo okuwukuphela kwayo okuhlala kuyo noma okuwukuphela kwayo equkethe imbewu engaphezu kweyodwa kumugqa ongaphambili womdlali.

Ukubamba

• Ukuthwebula kuyimpoqo futhi kuthinta kuphela umugqa ongaphambili wombangi;imbewu yomugqa ongemuva iphephile.
• Ukuthwebula i-first-lap kuyadingeka kunoma yikuphi ukuthwebula ekuhambeni (okunokuthwebula okuningi okuvunyelwe kamuva).
• Umnyakazo ohlwanyela imbewu eyi-16 noma ngaphezulu ethangeni lawo lokuqala alibambi lutho (isiteji se-mtaji kuphela).

Ukuphela Komdlalo Nokuwina

Umdlali uwina ngo-"Bao hamna", okusho ukuthi uthwebula zonke izinhlamvu zomugqa ongaphambili wesitha, noma ngokushiya isitha sakhe ama-singletons nje, ukuze angakwazi ukunyakaza.

Amanothi

• Okunye okuhlobene: Abadlali bendabuko baqinisekisa ngokushesha ukubala kwamatshe angu-32 ohlangothini ngalunye ngokugcwalisa imigodi yabo ngokulinganayo ngamaphethini okuqala, bese besusa imbewu engu-20 endaweni engemuva engaphandle kanye namatshe amabili ephaketheni elingaphakathi elikude kwesokudla ukuze bathole indawo yokugcina yembewu engu-22 eduze kwebhodi elivamile lokuvula.
• Okunye okuhlobene: Umdlalo awufi ezinkondlweni zesiSwahili zasendulo, ikakhulukazi ukwakheka kwawo-1820s Bawo ka-Mombasa bard u-Muyaka bin Haji al-Ghassaniy, kanye nokuboniswa kwesimanje njengombhali waseMalawi uFelix Mnthali Bao la Kete (1980).
• Okunye okuhlobene: Umdlalo osemthethweni womqhudelwano wakhuthazwa ngo-1966 ngokusungulwa kwe-Bawo yaseTanzania ngaphansi koxhaso lukazwelonke.Abashisekayo baqhudelana ezindlini zekhofi ezinomlando kulo lonke elase-Stone Town (Zanzibar), izikwele zasemadolobheni zase-Kenya ezisogwini, amaligi aseMalawi, nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana ne-Bao la Kete (KIBA) kanye ne-Mind Sports Olympiad.
• Okunye okuhlobene: Amalungu ahlobene eduze eqoqo le-Swahili-Bao ahlanganisa Bawo (Malawi), Bao la Kete (Lamu Archipelago), kanye nesethulo somthetho sokuqeqesha Bao la Kujifunza.

Source: Mancala World – Bao la Kiswahili

Yonke imidlalo ye-mancala