Bao la Kujifunza
Uhlobo lomdlalo: Four-row introductory mancala without stores; 2 players, 8 pits per rank; simplified pedagogical variant played with two seeds per pit under open-board mtaji relay rules, omitting reserves, house privileges, and takasia.
Uhlolojikelele
Ekwaziwa nge-colloquially ngokuthi Mbili-mbili (isiSwahili esisho "two-by-two" noma "ngamabhangqa"), Bao la Kujifunza (ngokwezwi nezwi "i-Bao yokufunda") isebenza kuyo yonke imiphakathi ekhuluma isiSwahili e-Kenya nase-Tanzania njengendlela yokuqeqeshwa efinyelelekayo eya kumdlalo oyinhloko we-Bao la Kiswahili.Ngokudlula isigaba sokwethulwa kwembewu eyinkimbinkimbi (namu) kanye namalungelo akhethekile wendlu engu-nyumba, kuvumela izimfundamakhwela kanye nabadlali abasebasha ukuthi bathuthukise amakhono ahlakaniphile ngokuhlwanyela okuhlukile kwe-Bao kwe-multi-lap relay, ukuthwebula okuphoqelekile kwemigqa yangaphambili, kanye nomakhenikha wokungena kabusha kwekhanda.Umdlalo wahlanganiswa ngokusemthethweni ebhukwini lezemfundo elashicilelwa yiNational Museum of Tanzania e-Dar es Salaam ngo-1971, futhi ubhalwe phansi isazi se-Italian Bao u-Nino Vessella kanye nomcwaningi wemidlalo u-Larry Russ ku-The Complete Mancala Games Book (1999).
Ibhodi
- Imigqa/Amazinga: Four
- Imigodi emugqeni: Eight (32 holes total)
- Izinqolobane: None (captures occur directly across the center dividing line)
- Ukubekwa kwasekuqaleni: Exactly two counters in every hole across the entire board (64 seeds total).
- Azikho izimbewu eziphethwe ngesandla noma ezibekiwe.
Indlela Yokudlala
- Ukudlala kuqhubeka ngaphansi kwesigaba sesibili sebhodi elivulekile (Non-capturing moves () imithetho ethi ):, ngaphandle kwezingeniso ezigodliwe, nyumba umakhenikha wendlu, noma umthetho wenhlawulo othi takasia.
- Abadlali bayashintshana ngokuhlwanyela izinto zokubala emazingeni abo amabili kumathrekhi aqhubekayo anama-lap amaningi.
- Umnyakazo uthatha iminyakazo noma umnyakazo ongathathi (Non-capturing moves ().Ukuthwebula kuyimpoqo noma nini lapho kutholakala.
- *Non-capturing moves (takata):*
- Uma kungenzeki ukuthwebula, umdlali uphakamisa zonke izimbewu kunoma iyiphi imbobo yomugqa ongaphambili ebambe imbewu emibili noma ngaphezulu futhi ayihlwanyele ngayinye ngayinye emigodini elandelanayo kunoma iyiphi indlela (ngokuhamba kwewashi noma ngokuphikisana newashi).
- Uma umugqa wangaphambili uphethe ama-singleton kuphela, umdlali angase aqale umnyakazo kunoma iyiphi imbobo engemuva equkethe okungenani izimbewu ezimbili.
- Ukuhlwanyela kuqhubeka ngendlela yokudluliselana: noma nini lapho imbewu yokugcina yethanga iwela egodini elihlala abantu, okuqukethwe kwayo okugcwele kuyaqoqwa bese kuhlwanyelwa phambili ngendlela efanayo.
- Ijika liphetha lapho imbewu yokugcina yelaphu iwela emgodini ongenalutho.
Ukubamba
- Ukuthwebula kuyisibopho uma umdlali engahlwanyela kunoma iyiphi imbobo ebambe imbewu ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ukuze imbewu yokugcina yomzuliswano wokuqala iwe embotsheni ephakathi yomugqa ongaphambili ibhekane ngqo nembewu yombangi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu.
- kichwa Noma imuphi umzuliswano wokuqala ohlanganisa izimbewu eziyi-16 noma ngaphezulu awukwazi ukuthwebula.
- kichwa
- Umdlali uhlwitha wonke amatshe embotsheni yomugqa wangaphambili ophikisana nombangi (amatshe asemuva ahlala ephephile).
- Amatshe athunjiwe ahlwanyelwa kabusha ngokushesha aqala kwenye yomdlali kichwa (izimbobo ekugcineni zomugqa ongaphambili) aqonde phakathi nendawo.
- Uma ukuthwebula kwenzeke emgodini ongaphandle (kichwa), ukuhlwanyela kabusha kufanele kuqale kokuthi kichwa kulolo hlangothi.Uma ithathwe emigodini emine emaphakathi, umdlali ukhetha ukuthi kichwa angangena kuphi.
- Kuhlanyela kuchubeka ngemacembu ekuphatsana.Uma umzuliswano olandelayo ugcina embobeni yomugqa ongaphambili ophinde ubhekane nembewu yezimbangi, kubanjwa amaketango futhi amatshe asanda kuthwetshulwa ahlwanyelwa kabusha ku-kichwa.
- Uma ithanga ligcina emgodini ongenalutho, ukujika kuyaphela.
Ukuphela Komdlalo Nokuwina
Umdlali uyawina ngaphansi kwemibandela emibili: 1. Immobilization: Isula ngokuphelele umugqa ongaphambili wombangi wazo zonke izimbewu. 2. Immobilization: Kushiya ophikisana nabo nama-singletons kuphela (noma uhlangothi olungenalutho ngokuphelele), okubenza bangakwazi ukwenza noma yikuphi umnyakazo osemthethweni.
Amanothi
- Imibhalo: Kujwayelwe kabanzi ezikoleni zaseMpumalanga Afrika, amakilabhu, kanye nemizi ukuze kufundiswe ukubala kwamaqhinga kanye nokubonwa kwama-lap amaningi ngaphambi kokudlulela kumqhudelwano ogcwele we-Bao.
- Imibhalo: Isihloko esithi How to Play Bao sisuka esenzweni sesiSwahili esithi The Complete Mancala Games Book ("ukufunda"), kuyilapho u-Mbili-mbili ebhekisela ekuqalweni kweyunifomu yezinhlamvu ezimbili ephaketheni ngalinye.
- Imibhalo: Ibhalwe yiNational Museum of Tanzania (How to Play Bao, 1971), Nino Vessella, kanye noLarry Russ (The Complete Mancala Games Book, 1999).
Source: Mancala World – Bao la Kujifunza