Moruba
Uhlobo lomdlalo: Four-row mancala (two players or teams) without stores, commonly 12 holes per row; continuous relay sowing; empty inner-landing kulala file capture (tlaba and tlola) with two free enemy hole captures.
Uhlolojikelele
U-Moruba (ophinde wabhalwa ukuthi Maruba) uyi-mancala yendabuko enemigqa emine yabantu baseNyakatho yesiSotho (amaPedi noma amaBapedi), edabuka ezifundazweni ezisenyakatho nasempumalanga yeLimpopo kanye neMpumalanga eNingizimu Afrika (ngokomlando iTransvaal) futhi yathwalwa eNingizimu Afrika yonkana ngokuthuthela abasebenzi basezimayini eWitwatersrand (Gauteng).Okokuqala kwafundwa ngokwesayensi ngo-1917 yisazi se-ethnographer saseBrithani u-P. A. Wagner, i-Moruba isondelene kakhulu namasiko e-mancala aseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Afrika afana noTchouba waseMozambique kanye noNjombwa.Ngokomlando, lo mdlalo wawudlalwa ethunzini lantambama ngamadoda ayesungula amasu mayelana nokusebenzelana komfundisi, izimpi, nezindaba zezizwe, lo mdlalo usebenzisa ulimi oluvusa impi kanye nengcebo yobufundisi.Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, iMoruba ithole imvuselelo yamasiko njengomdlalo wengqondo wendabuko owaziwa ngokusemthethweni owesekwa yiKhomishana Yezemidlalo yaseNingizimu Afrika, iMindsports South Africa (MMSA), kanye nekharikhulamu yezikole kulo lonke elaseLimpopo.
Ibhodi
- Imigqa/Amazinga: Four
- Imigodi emugqeni: Most commonly 12 (48 holes total), though layouts vary from 4 to 36 holes per row depending on player numbers and team formats. Holes (mekoti) are traditionally dug into the earth or sculpted into wooden boards.
- Izinqolobane: None.
- Izinto zasekuqaleni: Two counters per hole (96 stones total on the standard 4×12 board). Counters are commonly smooth river pebbles or dried marula fruit pips, known as mathlapa ("cattle") or tinkhomo ("cows").
- Isifunda: Each player or team exclusively commands the two rows on their side of the board.
Indlela Yokudlala
- Umdlalo uqhudelana phakathi kwabantu ababili noma amaqembu aphikisanayo anabahlanganyeli abafika kwabayisithupha;uhlangothi ngalunye lunyakaza kuphela phakathi kwemigqa yalo emibili.
- Ethubeni labo, umdlali uphakamisa zonke izinto zokubala kunoma iyiphi imbobo enobungani equkethe okungenani amatshe amabili futhi awasabalalise ngalinye ngalinye ngokuphikisana newashi emigodini elandelanayo ezungeze isekethe yabo yemigqa emibili.
- Uma itshe lokugcina liwela emgodini okuhlala kuwo, konke elikuqukethe kuyaqoqwa futhi kuhlwanyelwe kuqhutshekwe ethangeni elidluliselwe phambili ohlangothini olufanayo.
- Ukuhlwanyela kuyaphela (kulala, ngokwezwi nezwi "ukulala") lapho itshe lokugcina lihlala emgodini ongenalutho.
- Ama-singletons anyakazayo: Umdlali ophethe ama-singleton kuphela uvunyelwe ukuwahambisa, kodwa angene emgodini ongenalutho oseduze.
Ukubamba
- Uma itshe lokugcina le-lap lihlala embobeni engenalutho kumugqa ongaphakathi womdlali, futhi imbobo ephikisanayo kumugqa ongaphakathi wombangi iqukethe amatshe, ukuthwebula kwezigaba eziningi kuyaqaliswa:
- Amatshe angaphakathi ombangi "ayabulawa" (tlola noma "agwazwe ngomkhonto").
- Amatshe embobeni yangaphandle yombangi efayeleni elifanayo "athunjiwe" (tlola).
- Wonke amatshe abulewe futhi athunjiwe akhishwa unomphela ebhodini.
- Ukuthwebula ibhonasi yesibili: Kunikezwe ilungelo lokuhlasela okuyimpumelelo, umdlali angase akhethe ngokukhululekile futhi asule okuqukethwe okuphelele kwanoma yiziphi ezinye izimbobo zesitha kusukela noma yikuphi ngaphakathi kwendawo yombangi.
Ukuphela Komdlalo Nokuwina
- Umdlalo uphetha lapho indawo yomdlali oyedwa iphucwa wonke amatshe;umdlali osenamatshe kuthiwa ungumnqobi.
- Uma indawo eqondile yebhodi iphinda ngaphandle kokuthwebula okungenele, okufanayo kumenyezelwa njengokulingana.
Amanothi
- Ukuvuselelwa kwesimanje: Ulimi nezingathekiso zibonisa isimilo seqhawe lomfundisi: izinto zokubala zibizwa ngo-mathlapa ("izinkomo") noma tinkhomo ("izinkomo"), ukubulawa kwefayela elingaphakathi eliphikisayo ngu-tlaba ("umkhonto / ukushaya"), kuyilapho ushanela imbobo engaphandle ngu-@@MT4ringing@ (")
- Ukuvuselelwa kwesimanje: Ukuvuswa kabusha kweMoruba kusukela ngo-2003 kuyingxenye yenhlangano yamasiko ebanzi yokugcina amagugu endabuko ase-Afrika, egujwa kuMkhosi Waminyaka yonke Wemidlalo Yomdabu Kazwelonke e-Polokwane nase-Tzaneen kanye nezinto zokuzilibazisa ezinjengoMorabaraba kanye noDiketo.
- I-Sasekani, i-Bolobedu, i-Phalaborwa, i-Letaba, ne-Selwane zisezindaweni ezidumile zokudlala amakilabhu.
- Nakuba ngokwesiko kukhawulelwe kwabesilisa abadala ngenxa yezinhlangano zezempi ezingokomlando, igeyimu yesimanje ijatshulelwa kuzo zonke izizukulwane nobulili.
Source: Mancala World – Moruba