Bawo
Uhlobo lomdlalo: Four-row tournament mancala without stores; 2 players, 8 pits per rank; Malawian Yao variant of Bao featuring an initial opening placement gambit, altered kuu thresholds, and a universal 16-seed capture cap.
Uhlolojikelele
Bawo ukujwayela kwe-Yao kwesiSwahili bao ("ibhodi"), echumayo njengomdlalo wengqondo kazwelonke waseMalawi kanye netshe legumbi lempilo yomphakathi yonkana eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Afrika.Ngenkathi yabelana ngomlando ojulile ne-Zanzibar Bao, isiko laseMalawi lisungule isiko lalo lomqhudelwano elihlukile, imidlalo yokuvula, kanye namanuances wamaqhinga.Ibhodi elidala kunawo wonke elaziwayo elisekhona kulesi sifunda—elaqoqwa eMalawi ngo-1896—lihlala eBritish Museum eLondon.EMalawi yanamuhla, izinhlaka eziqhudelanayo ziyaqhakaza kuzo zonke izindawo ezihlanganisa iBlantyre, iLilongwe, iMzuzu, iChirimba, neMangochi, lapho abadlali baqhudelana khona emiqhudelwaneni yesifunda esezingeni eliphezulu kanye namaligi kazwelonke ukuze bathole izindondo ezifiselekayo kanye nemiklomelo yemali.Ukuduma kwezamasiko okujulile komdlalo kubonakala enkondlweni kaFelix Mnthali eyahlonishwa kakhulu ngo-1980 ethi "A Game of Bawo", kanye nemibukiso yamazwe ngamazwe ehlanganisa iMind Sports Olympiad eCambridge (2002-2004) kanye nemibukiso yokuncintisana eNyuvesi yase-Alberta eCanada (2010).
Ibhodi
- Imigqa/Amazinga: Four
- Njengesi-Bao la Kiswahili, i-kuu ibizwa ngokuthi kuu eMalawi.
- Inombolo yokuqala yembewu ku-kuu kanye nendawo egciniwe iyahlukahluka ngomthombo (bona Amanothi).
Indlela Yokudlala
Imithetho yoBawo iyafana neyesi-Bao la Kiswahili ngaphandle nje kwemehluko embalwa.
kichwa
- Imbobo equkethe imbewu eyi-16 noma ngaphezulu ayikwazi ukuthwebula.
- Uma umdlali ezwa sengathi umnyakazo kichwa ngeke uphele ngokwemvelo, angase amemezele ukuthi kungase kube umnyakazo ongapheli futhi ame ngemva kwethanga lamanje.
- Kuvunyelwe ukuhlwanyela okuqukethwe kwe-kichwa kumugqa ongemuva, ngisho noma kuwukuphela kwembobo yomugqa ongaphambili, kodwa kungaholela ekunqotshweni ngokushesha.
kuu
- Ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale isigaba sokuqala, kuba nomdlalo wokuvula okhethekile odlalwa umdlali ngamunye ngesikhathi sakhe sokuqala: umdlali wokuqala uthulula izimbobo zakhe eziqukethe imbewu ezimbili, engeza enye imbewu kuzo evela kunhlanyelo yakhe (ebizwa ngokuthi kuu kokuthi Bawo), bese ebeka lezi ezinhlanu njengoba efisa kunoma iyiphi imigodi engu-16 ohlangothini lwakhe ngaphandle kokuyihlwanyela.Umdlali wesibili wenza okufanayo ukuze athole izimbewu ezinhlanu ze-gambit, kodwa futhi wengeza kuzo zonke izimbangi eziphambene nezimbobo zakhe ezikumugqa ongaphambili wombangi futhi ziyabanjwa.
- kuu angengezwa kuma-singletons ekunyakazeni kokuthi nemo (okungathwebuli) uma zonke izimbobo zomugqa ongaphambili ngaphandle kokuthi kuu ziqukethe okungenani imbewu eyodwa.
- Uma okuwukuphela kwembobo kumugqa ongaphambili kungu-kuu, i-nemo inembewu eyisishiyagalombili ncamashi (Tommy Chibaka: nine) futhi kungabanjwa lutho, imbewu ifakwa ku-kuu, khona-ke okukuyo kuyaphakanyiswa futhi kuhlwanyelwe nhlangothi zombili.
- Okuqukethwe kokuthi kuu kombangi kungabanjwa kuphela ngokubeka okuthi nemo emgodini ophambene uma eyakhe kuu ingasongelwa (okungukuthi, imbobo ephambene neyakhe kuu kumele ingabi nalutho).
takasiaed
- Uma kusekhona (okusebenzayo) takasiaed, kufanele kuhanjiswe kumnyakazo wokuqala wokungathwebuli womdlali.
- Okuqukethwe kwembobo ethi takasiaed kufanele kuthathwe ngisho noma ezinye izimbobo sezisengozini.
Ukubamba
- Ukuthwebula kulandela i-Bao la Kiswahili, ngaphandle kwalokho okuphawulwe ngenhla (isb. imbobo equkethe imbewu engu-16 noma ngaphezulu ayikwazi ukuthwebula, kanye nokuthwebula i-gambit yokuvula okukhethekile ejimini lokuqala lomdlali wesibili).
Ukuphela Komdlalo Nokuwina
Ikhasi le-wiki alinikezi imithetho enemininingwane ngaphandle kwaleyo ye-Bao la Kiswahili.
Amanothi
- Izinkondlo: Izingcweti zesifunda ziqopha ukuhluka okuncane ekubaleni kokuqala okuklanyelwe ukusheshisa ukuvulwa kwesiteji esithi "Take your cue from a game of Bawo / where sides at the edge of doom / are best conceded as losses...".U-Mark Chikoko ubhala izimbewu eziyisi-8 ku-kuu eduze nendawo yokulondoloza imbewu engu-20, kuyilapho u-Tommy Chibaka ephawula imbewu engu-10 ku-kuu kanye ne-18 endaweni ebekiwe (zombili ingqikithi yezinhlamvu ezingu-32 ohlangothini ngalunye).I-kuu ihlala isebenza inqobo nje uma igcina okungenani umkhawulo wayo wokuqala (izibali eziyi-8 noma eziyi-10).Umsebenzi wasekuqaleni we-ethnographic ka-Meredith Sanderson ngo-1913 wabona ukucushwa okudala kwembewu engu-6, okuqinisekisa ukuthi osayizi abagciniwe behle kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze balethe ukufana ngokushesha ku-mtaji endgame yamaqhinga.
- Izinkondlo: Ngaphandle kwe-East Africa, imidlalo ye-Bawo nemibukiso evezwe ku-Mind Sports Olympiad e-Cambridge phakathi kuka-2002 no-2004, elandelwa imiqhudelwano yezinga lenyuvesi eyabanjelwa eNyuvesi yase-Alberta e-Edmonton, eCanada, ngo-2010.
- Izinkondlo: Kubungazwa ezinkondlweni zombhali waseMalawi uFelix Mnthali ("Take your cue from a game of Bawo / where sides at the edge of doom / are best conceded as losses...").
Source: Mancala World – Bawo